Add -ed
For regular verbs the past simple and the past participle are the same word.
| Present | Past simple | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked |
| play | played | played |
| arrive | arrived | arrived |
| ask | asked | asked |
| decide | decided | decided |
I worked late yesterday.
I have worked here for two years.
Same spelling. Different job.
Spelling that changes
A few regular verbs tweak the spelling, in the same way the past simple already does:
- stop → stopped (short vowel: double the last letter)
- try → tried (y after a consonant becomes i)
- live → lived (drop a silent e, then add -ed)
There is no extra rule for the participle. Spell the past, and you are done.